Reguła Karmelu v novém vnějším zpracování

(Prepared by P. Gorazd, O.Carm.)

In 1997, Carmel commemorated the 750th anniversary of the adjustment and confirmation of the Carmelite rule by Pope Innocent IV (1247). Over the last few decades, the Carmelites have become much more intensely engaged in studying the text of the rule and the contemporary background of its writing. They responded to the call of the Second Vatican Council, addressed to all religious communities:

“It is for the benefit of the Church that (religious) societies have their own specific character and task. Therefore, it is necessary to faithfully understand and preserve both the spirit of the founders and their intentions, as well as the healthy traditions; all of this together forms the family heritage of each society” (PC 2).

Moreover, in recent years, the Carmelite Order and the Order of Discalced Carmelites have significantly drawn closer through the meetings and cooperation of their highest leaders and their advisory councils. One of several documents that both General Superiors have already issued together relates to the rule of Carmel.

In light of this entire development, on January 30, 1999, the general superiors of both orders, together with their advisory bodies, approved a new method of dividing the text of the rule of Carmel and marking the individual chapters.

From now on, we should therefore use this new designation, which, unlike previous practice, will be common to both orders. In this arrangement, we now present the text to you in the Czech translation that is commonly used in our communities of Carmelite brothers. We do not wish to present this form of the Czech translation as the “official” Czech translation for Carmel in our country. We are well aware that Discalced Carmelites and Discalced Carmelites also use other or older translations. At this moment, it is solely about the new division of the text and about a universal orientation in any of its translations or in the Latin original itself. The previous numbering of the chapters used by the original observant Carmel (O.Carm) can be found for comparison on the margin. In the Teresian Carmel, the numbering was different, but very often the text of the rule was also printed without the numbering of chapters, only with their headings.

The new arrangement does not divide the text of the rule into an introduction, individual chapters, and a conclusion, but only into continuously numbered chapters. There was also a deliberate decision to omit headings for the individual chapters. The original text does not contain them, and without them, it can speak authentically on its own, without additional emphasis on any content element.

For all those interested in a deeper acquaintance with the rule, we are also preparing a translation of the commentary on the rule, which was prepared by Dutch Carmelites in 1979. It will be published only as material for the internal needs of the Carmel family, similarly to the "World History of Carmel" and "Czech History of Carmel" booklets published some time ago. You will then be able to obtain it either from one of the Carmelite brothers or at the monastery in Kostelní Vydří.

The first issue of the magazine Carmel in the year of the Great Jubilee presents an excellent opportunity to present the text of the Carmelite rule with its new division to as wide an audience as possible within the family of Carmel in our country.

  • RULE
    Of the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel,
    given by St. Albert of Jerusalem
    and adjusted and confirmed in 1247 by Innocent IV.
    old chapter numbering
    O.Carm. OCD
    1. Albert, called by the grace of God to be the patriarch of the Church of Jerusalem, to the beloved sons in Christ B. and to other hermits dwelling under his leadership near the fountain on Mount Carmel: greeting in the Lord and blessing of the Holy Spirit. (Prologue) [1]
    2. Many times and in many ways, the holy fathers have determined how one who is in any state of life or chooses any mode of living totally committed to God should live in obedience to Jesus Christ and serve Him faithfully with a pure heart and a good conscience. [2]
    3. However, since you ask us to provide you, according to your intention, with rules for life that you should observe in the future:
    4. Therefore, we first establish that you should have one of you as an abbot, who will be elected to this service by the unanimous consent of all or the greater and more reasonable part. Each of the other brothers should promise him obedience, and once they have promised it, they should strive to truly keep it along with purity and renunciation of ownership. (1) [3]
    5. You may have places in the wilderness or where they will be given to you, suitable and befitting for your manner of religious life, according to what the abbot and the other brothers consider appropriate. (2) [4]
    6. Moreover, depending on the arrangement of the place where you decide to dwell, each of you should have a separate cell assigned to him by the personal decision of the abbot with the consent of the other brothers or the more reasonable part. (3) [5]
    7. However, that which is presented to you, partake of together in the common refectory and listen to some reading from the Holy Scripture while it can be easily maintained. (4) [6]
    8. No one of the brothers, without the permission of the abbot who will be there at that time, is allowed to change the place assigned to him or exchange it with another. (5) [7]
    9. The abbot's cell should be close to the entrance so that he may meet newcomers first, and according to his decision and order, everything that needs to be done should then take place. (6)
    10. All should remain in their cells or nearby, day and night meditating on the law of the Lord and keeping vigil in prayer, unless they are otherwise occupied for justified reasons. (7) [8]
    11. Those who can pray the canonical hours with clerics should pray them according to the provisions of the holy fathers and the accepted custom of the Church. Those who cannot should pray twenty-five Our Fathers during night vigils, except on Sundays and feasts when the number is to be doubled, so that they will pray the Our Father fifty times. This prayer should be recited seven times instead of the morning praises. For the other hours, similarly seven times except for Vespers, when you will pray it fifteen times. (8) [9]
    12. Let no one of the brothers say that anything is his own, but let them have all things in common. The abbot should divide this according to the age and needs of individuals, that is, the brother appointed to this service by him, as is necessary for anyone. (9) [10]
    13. If necessary, you may have donkeys or mules and some useful animals or a small amount of poultry. [11]
    14. If it can be easily arranged, let a chapel be established in the midst of the cells, where you will gather each morning to celebrate the Eucharist, if it is possible to do so without difficulties. (10) [12]
    15. On Sundays or as needed on other days, discuss matters concerning the salvation of souls and the observance of all that pertains to your state of life; let the brothers be admonished with impartial love where any transgression or offense has been observed. (11) [13]
    16. Observe fasting from the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross until the Sunday of the Resurrection of the Lord except for Sundays, unless illness or bodily weakness or another just reason requires interruption, for necessity knows no law. (12) [14]
    17. Abstain from eating meat, unless it is used as medicine in illness or weakness. And since you must often beg when on the road, you may eat cooked dishes with meat outside of your homes, so as not to be a burden to your hosts; you may also eat meat at sea. (13) [15]
    18. As life on earth is a test and all who wish to live godly in Christ will suffer persecution, and moreover, your adversary the devil prowls about like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour, strive with all diligence to put on the armor of God that you may be able to withstand the wiles of the enemy. (14) [16]
    19. Let your loins be girded about with the belt of purity; let your chest be armored with holy thoughts, for it is written: A holy thought will keep you. It is necessary to put on the breastplate of righteousness, that you may love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might and your neighbor as yourself. At every opportunity, the shield of faith is necessary, with which you will be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked one; for without faith, it is impossible to please God. Also put on the helmet of salvation, that you may hope for salvation from the very Savior, who will save His people from their sins. The sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God, let it dwell abundantly in your mouth and heart, and whatever you do, let it be done according to the word of the Lord.
    20. Do some work, so that the devil may always find you busy and not be able to find an entry into your soul through your idleness. As a teacher and example, have Saint Paul: through him, Christ spoke; he was appointed by God and given to the nations as a preacher and teacher of faith and truth. If you hold fast to him, you cannot go astray. He himself says: We worked and labored among you night and day, that we might not be a burden to any of you. Not that we did not have the right; but that we might give ourselves as a pattern for you to imitate. For when we were with you, we admonished you: If anyone will not work, neither let him eat. For we hear that there are some among you who walk disorderly and do not work at all. To such we command and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ, that they work in quietness and eat their own bread. This is the holy and good way: walk in it! (15) [17]
    21. The apostle recommends silence when he orders work. And as the prophet testifies: Silence is striving for justice. And again: In silence and hope shall be your strength. Therefore, we establish that you should keep silence after Compline until Prime the next day. At other times, even though silence may not bind you so strictly, nevertheless be very cautious to avoid much speaking, for as it is written and as experience teaches no less, much speaking cannot avoid sin. And he who is reckless in speaking will experience misfortune. Also, he who uses many words injures his own soul. And the Lord says in the Gospel: For every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. Therefore, let each weigh his words and control his mouth firmly, lest he stumble and fall by his tongue and his fall be irreparable unto death. Let him keep his ways with the prophet, that he might not offend with his tongue, and let him strive diligently and cautiously to keep silence, which is the striving for justice. (16) [18]
    22. But you, brother B., and whoever shall be appointed after you as abbot, always keep in mind and practice what the Lord says in the Gospel: He who would be great among you, let him be your servant; and he who would be first among you, let him be your slave. (17) [19]
    23. And you, the other brothers, hold your abbot in humble respect. Rather than thinking of him alone, think of Christ, who has set him above your heads and who says to church leaders: He who hears you hears me; he who despises you despises me, that you may not come into judgment for despising, but may earn the reward of eternal life through obedience. (18) [20]
    24. We have briefly written this to you and established rules for your community life, according to which you are to live. If anyone wishes to do more, the Lord Himself will reward him when He comes. But let him discern aright, for discernment directs virtues. (Epilogue) [21]