Formator jako rzeźbiarz: wyzwanie, funkcja i odpowiedzialność (część 5 – zakończenie)

Fr. Desiderio García Martínez, O.Carm.

Addendum: Formator – Guide in the Art of Discernment

A few years ago, I heard a story that really happened. A Spanish terrorist group, ETA, carried out a bombing in the early morning hours in the center of Madrid, at the company's building, Telefónica. Nearby, a family was sleeping at that time. When the father heard the explosion, he jumped out of bed in alarm, while the mother continued to sleep sweetly. The man leaned out of the window and then nervously turned on the radio, as he sensed that something serious was happening. His wife, however, continued to breathe peacefully, completely undisturbed. Suddenly, the youngest child of the family let out a quiet whimper (it wasn’t even a cry). The mother immediately woke up and hurried nervously to the child to see what was happening. Neither the bomb nor her husband’s restless pacing woke her up. What made her heart race in fear? The weak whimper of her child.1 Discernment always leads to a state of eager listening to what is important for us in making fundamental decisions. The virtue of discernment helps us to recognize the voice of God, which is often gentle, almost inaudible (cf. 1 Kings 19), amidst the noise and clamor that violently attacks us and wants to fill us with distractions (in the form of thoughts, emotions, etc.). It is about finding God’s spirit’s voice amongst various voices, which is often quiet, and tuning into it. Discernment (from the side of the formator) means: “to help the candidate to perceive often subtle divine calls and actions in specific life circumstances and to help them discover (new) paths that God leads them on” (RIVC 58a).

The Greek word diakrisis,2 which we translate into Latin as discretio, means separation, disconnection, difference, division in the sense of physical separation.3 The root of the Spanish verb to discern – “discernir” offers a new meaning, namely sifting (cerner). In the countryside, this term described work in which wheat was sifted through a sieve, separating grain from chaff. When discerning, we actually place our lives on the sieve of the Gospel, shake it, and observe what falls through and what remains. Saint John Cassian said that “without the gift of discernment, it is impossible to perfectly cultivate or preserve any virtue” and that “(the virtue) of discernment is the mother4 and guardian of all virtues.”5 When the RIVC compares contemplation to the “heart” of the Carmelite charism (cf. RIVC 4; 23), then discernment will represent for our heart: to conduct regular checks – “electrocardiogram (EKG)” – to review the pulse of its contemplative activity (whether it suffers from arrhythmia, angina pectoris, heart attacks, or whether, on the contrary, it enjoys good health...). Discernment becomes the art of persevering in the decision to live in the following of Christ (cf. Rule of St. Albert, art. 24).

In the index to RIVC 2000, there is a long list (more than 30) references regarding the role and prerequisites that a formator should fulfill throughout the entire formation process. You are certainly very familiar with these (cf. art. 57, 58, 59, 61, 73, 75, 77, 79b, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89b, 90–91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100e, 101, 102, 108, 110, 113, etc.). Among them, the basic mission of the formator is often and repeatedly emphasized as discernment and assessment (cf. RIVC 14; 58a). RIVC explains it like this in art. 14:

“Therefore, formation should not be seen as the accumulation of a stockpile of thoughts and habits or as the adoption of a strict way of life. Rather, it is about acquiring the ability to discern, flexibility, and availability – these qualities enable constant renewal of life and continual struggle for radical dedication to Christ in accordance with the Carmelite way of life.”

In the area of discernment, the Ignatian method (usually) applies to almost everything. I believe it would be a great challenge to try to implement wise discernment in our formation process, based on Carmelite experiences.6 In the RIVC of 2000, we can see essentially two important levels of discernment.

  1. The first concerns initial formation. Discernment is a “tool”, a “skill”, which subtly, yet continuously accompanies the candidate throughout their formation, teaching them to make decisions. Discernment (is also a task of the formator and helps him) in evaluation (cf. RIVC 58d). Accompanying through personal conversations from the side of the formators should be patient, firm, prudent, attentive, merciful (cf. RIVC 58b), yet should not deviate from the task of clearly presenting the demands of following Christ in Carmel (cf. RIVC 58b). At every stage of initial formation, the formator is responsible for evaluating the candidate according to solid discerning criteria (cf. RIVC 58d; already before admission to postulancy – art. 70; in postulancy – art. 80; in novitiate – art. 90; before solemn vows – art. 102; before ordination – art. 113). In discernment at this stage, it is essential for the formator – the one who accompanies – to assume the role of an older brother in faith. RIVC recommends using all insights that the humanities provide us, especially psychology (cf. RIVC 26, 92, 77, 58). The formator – therefore an older brother in faith – must have a “sense” and wise heart to lead the candidate and simultaneously encourage him to willing obedience to God’s plan. The one leading the candidate must carefully ensure not to take on what the candidate must do. For ultimately, it is the candidate himself who discerns.
  2. In ongoing – permanent formation, teachers or the formation team do not operate as they did during initial formation. The formator, who is discerning, in this case, is the community itself, the brothers (cf. RIVC 55; 56). The community becomes a fellowship of pilgrims, who together, each with different levels of responsibility, seek what is “good, holy, and perfect” (Rom 12:2). The community, which takes on the role of a formator, will guard day by day the “pure heart and good conscience” of the whole community of brothers (cf. Rule, chap. 2). Discernment will preserve the gift of contemplation so that it does not weaken.

The enemy will attack even more sharply. He will try to disrupt the two great signs that characterize it: love and unity. How to now intrude among the brothers? Now, when they are all closer to the Lord! He will attempt to infiltrate them in the same manner that thoughts and emotions are instilled that the Holy Spirit suggests. He will suggest thoughts that resonate with the respective brother: he will instill pious thoughts to the pious; noble thoughts to the noble, and so on. To the one who is very diligent, the enemy will not tempt with thoughts of laziness. After all, he knows that he wouldn’t succeed in that. Rather, he will entice him to start all sorts of things: gardening, ironing, celebrating, cooking. To the one who leans toward solitude and quiet, the enemy will instill a desire to close himself off even more, to put up a fence around his cell one and a half meters high, preferably with barbed wire, or to plunge into ever greater asceticism, including the temptation to play the “reformist.” The one who is not particularly fond of regulations will be driven to defend his “non-dogmatism” (against those who have different opinions) by launching a crusade (not even realizing that in this feverish endeavor he is creating a new dogmatism!). And thus, we will think that we are dealing with a virtue, although we are revolving around our mere needs,7 deeply hidden under the cloak of piety, holiness, sound judgment, etc. The most telling sign that not all comes from the Holy Spirit is when attention repeatedly turns to us, to our gratification, to our self.

(Here) discernment no longer takes the form of a tool, technique, or exercise, but becomes “habitus”, an attitude, a way of being and living, constantly oriented toward its contemplative dimension, so that in the community we seek, recognize, and appreciate the path that God points out to us.

Conclusion: The formator is an instrument in the hands of God – the great sculptor. To become a good formator, it is not enough to be merely a good religious. It is not enough to “be nice” to take care of someone else’s life. As we could see in RIVC in art. 57 and 58, the formator is neither a champion of human maturity nor a hero of perfection. He is a mediator, an “older brother” in faith, who is himself touched by the gaze of Christ and gradually transformed more and more into His image. This makes him a mystagogue who leads to contemplation, to unification with God. The task of the formator is to educate, form, and accompany. He carries out his task without drawing attention to himself, in humility and with the awareness that the ground he treads – namely, the candidate – is holy ground, belonging solely and exclusively to the Lord. Lastly, we must not forget that the execution of great works of art, which is also the case in formation, is not, as many people realize, the result of improvisation or sudden surges of inspiration or creativity that seize the artist. These works are always the fruit of much time, effort, and patience.

Translated from Spanish by Jaroslava Kučerová


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